File:Damage Up Chargers Chart.png

Formulas
Seconds to Lethal Charge = (ROUNDUP(([MaxChargeDamage]-([MinChargeDamage]*(1+(0.99*x-(0.09*x)^2)/100)))/((([MaxChargeDamage]*(1+(0.99*x-(0.09*x)^2)/100))-([MaxChargeDamage]*(1+(0.99*x-(0.09*x)^2)/100)))/[MaxChargeFrame-MinChargeFrame])+[MinChargeFrame],0))/60

Step-by-step:
 * MinChargeDamage and MaxChargeDamage with a given number of Ability Points (x) = [Base MinChargeDamage or Base MaxChargeDamage]*(1+(0.99*x-(0.09*x)^2)/100)
 * Damage Per Frame = (MaxChargeDamage - MinChargeDamage) / (MaxChargeFrame - MinChargeFrame)
 * Frames to Lethal Charge = ((100 - MinChargeDamage) / [Damage Per Frame]) + MinChargeFrame
 * Round up [Frames to Lethal Charge] to a whole number, because a fraction of a frame is meaningless.
 * Seconds to Lethal Charge = [Rounded Frames to Lethal Charge] / 60

Base MinChargeDamage is 40 for E-liter 3K, Splat Charger, and Squiffer, and 30 for Bamboozler.

Base MaxChargeDamage is 100 for E-liter 3K and Splat Charger, and 80 for Squiffer and Bamboozler.

MinChargeFrame is 8 for all chargers.

MaxChargeFrame is 100 for E-liter 3K, 60 for Splat Charger, 45 for Squiffer, and 20 for Bamboozler.

MaxChargeFrame for a Bamboozler's half-charge was found to be about 13. 2 equal partial charges were used to create the Bamboozler's curve, so this base value of 13, rather than the normal value of 20, was used in the above formulas.

Percent of the in-game charge circle that needs to be filled for a lethal charge = [Rounded Frames to Lethal Charge] / MaxChargeFrame * 100%

Note on Bonus Damage: In the game's testing area, you will notice that E-liter 3K, Splat Charger, and Squiffer do bonus damage for full charges. E-liter 3K gets 80 bonus damage, Splat Charger & Squiffer get 60, and Bamboozler gets none. This, as well as the Squiffer's MaxChargeDamage of 80, explains how the Squiffer can splat at full charge, but not at partial charges until quite a lot of damage is stacked.